Kartini, Sri and Bakar, Mohd FA and Bakar, Fazleen IA and Endrini, Susi and Hendrika, Yan and Juariah, Siti (2023) Antioxidant Properties of Curcuma caesia Extracted Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 7 (12). pp. 5479-5485. ISSN 2616-0684

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Abstract

Plants serve as viable sources for obtaining natural antioxidants. Among the potentially rich sources of antioxidants, black turmeric rhizome (Curcuma caesia) stands out. Traditionally, the conventional method for extracting bioactive chemicals from plants has relied on the utilisation of organic solvents, despite its recognised environmental drawbacks. However, an alternate technique that aligns with environmental consciousness involves the application of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). This study targeted to create and characterize four types of NADES designated as follows: NADES 1-citric acid:sucrose (1:1); NADES 2-sucrose:glucose:fructose (1:1:1); NADES 3-choline chloride:glycerol (1:1:2); and NADES 4- glycerol:urea (1:1) at 70°C. The investigation involved the determination of the physical properties of these NADES, including pH, temperature, and density. All formulated NADES were used to ascertain the entire phenolic and flavonoid content of C. caesia rhizomes, and their antioxidant potential was determine using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results revealed a pH sequence of NADES 1<NADES 2 <NADES 3 <NADES 4, in which NADES 1 exhibited the highest density among the formulations. The temperature of NADES was obtained at 65°C and 70°C. The phenolic content was notably pronounced in NADES 1, 2 and 3 and NADES 1 and 2 yielded high flavonoid content. Remarkably, NADES 2 demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity among the formulated solvents, as determined using both the DPPH and FRAP methods. In conclusion, NADES is an encouraging tool aimed at the extraction of secondary metabolites from plant.

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